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化验大便白细胞:Uptodate上怎么说?

askdrzhai PEDI 2023-10-13

上篇谈到了化验大便白细胞有很大局限性,美国感染病学会的腹泻指南和《儿童感染性疾病的原则与临床》这本教科书等都已不再推荐在感染性腹泻的诊断中检测大便白细胞,还有美国德州西南医学中心的几位医生最近也在美国医学会杂志发文,呼吁不要再化验大便白细胞了。那么Uptodate数据库上怎么说,我用大便白细胞(fecal leukocyte)做关键词,大致查了一下:


1.在儿童急性胃肠炎这章谈到:大便白细胞意味着肠壁有炎症(注意:炎症≠感染),比起细菌性胃肠炎,病毒性胃肠炎更多见到白细胞。但是,大便白细胞不能区分感染和非感染炎症。


Fecal leukocytes indicate inflammation in the bowel wall, which is more characteristic of bacterial than viral gastroenteritis; however, fecal leukocytes do not distinguish between infectious and noninfectious inflammatory processes.  Acute viral gastroenteritis in children in resource-rich countries: Clinical features and diagnosis Via Uptodate


2.在轮状病毒感染这章说到:大约三分之一的轮状病毒感染的大便标本中,可以见到少到中等量的白细胞。


Minimal to moderate numbers of fecal leukocytes are seen in approximately one-third of samples. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of rotavirus infection Via Uptodate


3.在食物蛋白诱导的过敏性结肠直肠炎这章讲到:过敏性肠炎患者的大便中会有多型核白细胞,特别是嗜酸性粒细胞(白细胞的一种)。


:目前多数医院的大便常规化验也都是机器做的,没有人去仔细帮你分清是哪一种白细胞。因为过敏性肠炎,同时会有大便带血,也经常化验到红细胞和潜血。经常见到过敏性肠炎的孩子,被错误地诊断为肠道细菌感染,用了不必要的抗生素。


Findings consistent with FPIAP include the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, typically eosinophils, in the stool;  Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis of infancy. Via uptodate.


最后这句话说到了我的心里去,也是我很少建议拉肚子的孩子化验大便的原因:大部分免疫功能正常的急性胃肠炎孩子,如果有比较典型的临床表现,无需做检查。因为检查结果改变不了治疗/用药,做不做是一样的,只要注意补充体液/不脱水就行,即使细菌性和寄生虫性胃肠炎。



Most immune-competent children older than one year of age with typical findings of acute gastroenteritis do not require laboratory evaluation. The results of laboratory tests are unlikely to change management, which focuses on fluid repletion and maintenance (even for bacterial and parasitic gastroenteritis); Acute viral gastroenteritis in children in resource-rich countries: Clinical features and diagnosis.Via Uptodate




题图来源:https://www.flickr.com/photos/70867477@N00/1398907613

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